INFLUENCE OF CLONAL HAEMATOPOIESIS OF INDETERMINATE POTENTIAL (CHIP) ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF ATHEROSCLEROSIS

Abstract

Introduction: Recent studies in single-cell RNA sequencing have improved the understanding of the structure of immune cell subpopulations in atherosclerosis. With the help of new technologies, new subpopulations of immune cells involved in atherosclerosis have been identified. Additionally, a relatively common and strong cardiovascular risk factor has emerged: clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP). This process occurs due to an increase in the concentration of somatic mutations over a lifetime and the formation of mutant clones of circulating leukocytes. Individuals with CHIP have a high risk of developing cardiovascular diseases, such as myocardial infarction and stroke, regardless of traditional risk factors. Aim: Analysis of information on the new cardiovascular risk factor, clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP), as well as the study of its relationship with cardiovascular diseases (CVD).
Search strategy: The search for publications was conducted in databases such as PubMed and Elsevier over the past 10 years, focusing on studies examining the relationship between CHIP and cardiovascular diseases. The review is based on articles presenting an evidence-based experimental and clinical foundation, with an emphasis on contemporary aspects of issues related to atherosclerosis. This review highlights the latest data in the field of research on the cellular heterogeneity of immune system cells in atherosclerosis, as well as the role of clonal hematopoiesis in its development. Results: Studies suggest that CHIP may be associated with an increased risk of atherosclerosis, likely through mechanisms of inflammation and endothelial dysfunction. In the pathogenesis of cardiovascular and oncological diseases, clonal hematopoiesis acts as a common component. Mutations in genes occurring under the influence of clonal hematopoiesis are the key to the emergence of new mutations, which, in turn, form and accelerate nosologies. Conclusions: Clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP) shares a common component in the pathogenesis of atherosclerotic heart disease and cancer. CHIP plays a significant role as mutations in genes occur under its influence, leading to the emergence of new mutations that directly affect the aforementioned conditions. Currently, not only the assessment of clonal hematopoiesis but also the detection of gene mutations and the study of their growth dynamics play a significant role in the development of cardiovascular diseases.