PATHOGENETIC MECHANISMS OF ANEMIA IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC HEART FAILURE

Abstract

Introduction. Chronic heart failure (CHF) is one of the leading factors in reducing the quality of life and increasing mortality among the population, especially in old age. Anemia of chronic diseases (ACD), which often develops against the background of CHF, significantly worsens the prognosis and course of the underlying disease. Aim: analysis of the pathogenetic mechanisms of anemia in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF). Search strategy conducted a comprehensive literature review in several databases, including Elibrary, Google Scholar, PubMed and Web of Science. The search covered publications from 2018 to 2024 in English and Russian, with an emphasis on keywords related to the pathogenesis of anemia in CHF. A total of 347 sources were identified, of which 82 were selected for their relevance and contribution to understanding the clinical and pathogenetic characteristics of anemia in the context of CHF.
Results and conclusions. Anemia, especially anemia ACD, is often observed in patients with CHF and significantly worsens their prognosis, exacerbating cardiac function and increasing the frequency of hospitalizations and mortality. The pathogenesis of ACD in CHF is complex and includes a violation of iron metabolism, a decrease in erythropoietin production and function, as well as an increase in inflammatory reactions, which leads to a decrease in production and an increase in the destruction of red blood cells. The review shows that the presence of anemia in patients with CHF is associated with a deterioration in the quality of life and an increase in the severity of the disease, emphasizing the importance of early diagnosis and targeted treatment approaches. The review focuses on the need for personalized treatment strategies that correspond to the pathogenetic features of anemia in CHF, in accordance with global recommendations for the integrated management of CHF with concomitant anemia