PREVALENCE AND RISK FACTORS OF GESTATIONAL DIABETES MELLITUS

Abstract

Introduction. Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is currently the most common form of metabolic disorder in pregnant women, the consequences of which are significant for doctors of various specialties. According to the Atlas of the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) for 2021, more than 21 million children were born to mothers with various forms of carbohydrate metabolism disorders, the bulk of which, 80.3%, were GDM. [49]. The rapid increase in the number of patients with GDM, on the one hand, is associated with the increasing influence of risk factors such as maternal age, excess weight, sedentary lifestyle of women, and on the other hand, with the introduction of new criteria for its definition into practice 
 In some countries, the prevalence of GDM reaches 17.8–41.9% (using the criteria of the International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups (IADPSG)). [42]. Thus, the prevalence of GDM in pregnant women at the present stage is becoming an important medical and social problem for both the mother and the fetus. Aim: study of the prevalence and risk factors for the development of gestational diabetes mellitus according to literature data.Search strategy. Search strategy: The search for scientific publications was carried out in the databases: PubMed, Medline, eLibrary, using the scientific search engine Google Scholar. Search depth - 10 years. A total of 263 sources were found, from which 80 publications were selected for subsequent analysis. Inclusion criteria: publications in Russian and English; publications included in the PubMed, Medline, e-Library databases. Exclusion criteria: publications without a clear formulation of results and conclusions; articles, abstracts with paid access. Results and conclusions. Results and conclusions. Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is the most common disease among pregnant women, affecting up to 15-25% worldwide. GDM occurs due to impaired glucose regulation during pregnancy, which leads to severe consequences not only for the mother's body, but also for the fetus. The problem is interdisciplinary, i.e. it requires close attention from both obstetricians and gynecologists and endocrinologists.