VIRAL HEPATITIS IN KAZAKHSTAN: REGIONAL EPIDEMIOLOGICAL OVERVIEW

Abstract

Introduction. Viral hepatitis remains a pressing public health concern worldwide. Like many other countries, Kazakhstan
faces various epidemiological challenges associated with both acute and chronic forms of hepatitis A, B, and C.
Aim. To assess the epidemiological situation of viral hepatitis in Kazakhstan, trace the dynamics of incidence from 2000
to 2023, and identify the most vulnerable regions, with a specific focus on the city of Shymkent.
Materials and Methods. A retrospective study was conducted using official statistics from the Ministry of Health of the
Republic of Kazakhstan for the years 2000, 2011, and 2023. Data for the city of Shymkent were analyzed for the period from
2018 to 2024. Descriptive and analytical methods were employed, including the calculation of incidence rates, mean values,
confidence intervals, and growth rates.
Results. The overall incidence of viral hepatitis in Kazakhstan decreased from 185.6 per 100,000 population in 2000 to
10.23 in 2023. The most significant reductions were observed in the Turkestan, Mangystau, and Kyzylorda regions.
However, a resurgence in incidence has been noted in recent years, particularly for hepatitis A and chronic forms of hepatitis
B and C. A sharp increase in acute hepatitis A cases was recorded in Shymkent in 2024. Chronic hepatitis C predominates
among all chronic forms.
Conclusion. Despite notable progress in combating viral hepatitis, the risk of renewed increases in incidence remains.
Enhanced preventive measures are required, including adult vaccination, improved access to treatment, and public health
education initiatives to ensure sustainable control of the situation.