THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN BODY MASS INDEX AND BONE MINERAL DENSITY IN THE MIDDLE-AGED AND ELDERLY POPULATION

Abstract

Actuality. Оsteoporosis (OP) is the most common skeletal metabolic disorder that affects postmenopausal women and 
includes microarchitectural disorders and decreased bone mineral density (BMD) caused by estrogen deficiency associated 
with menopause and increasing age. Osteoporosis and overweight are two important aspects of bone health and metabolism. There is a close relationship between body weight and BMD, which is manifested through the influence of 
various body components such as muscle and fat mass. 
The aim to study the relationship between bone mineral density and body mass index in middle-aged and elderly people. 
Materials and Methods. The study was conducted from July 2023 to March 2024 in two stages. The study participants 
were recruited at the Semey Medical University University Hospital in the regional center of the Abai region, Semey city. 
Basic information for the first stage of the research and questionnaires were collected from 408 respondents. At the second 
stage, the BMD of the study participants was measured using DXA. Groups with normal and low BMD were formed  
Results. The average age in the group with normal BMD was 55.9±7.61 years and in the group with low BMD 58.8±7.6 
years. Data analysis between the two groups showed the static significance of BMI (p<0.001) and fractures after minor 
injuries and falls (p=0.003). To determine the relationship between BMI and BMD, we performed regression analysis, which 
revealed a number of indicators related to the probability of bone preservation: age (AOR 1.04; 95% CI from 1.01 to 1.07; p 
<0.006), body mass index (AOR 0.90; 95% CI from 0.86 to 0.94; p <0.000), fracture history (AOR 1.67; 95% CI from 1.05 to 
2.66; p <0.030). 
Conclusion. Our study has shown that the solution to the problem of reducing BMD in old age should be aimed at 
controlling risk factors such as body mass index, dieting, and sufficient physical activity. These activities should be initiated in 
middle age and regardless of the gender of the patients.