THE SST2 BIOMARKER AS A PREDICTOR OF ADVERSE CLINICAL OUTCOMES IN HEART FAILURE. LITERATURE REVIEW

Abstract

Introduction. In recent years, there has been a growing number of studies aimed at identifying and evaluating novel biomarkers of cardiovascular diseases, particularly heart failure. This trend is driven by the need to enhance diagnostic accuracy, risk stratification, and personalized treatment approaches. Among these biomarkers, special attention is given to the soluble form of the ST2 receptor (sST2), which has demonstrated significant prognostic value across various forms of heart failure. This review focuses on the analysis of current data regarding the clinical relevance of sST2 and the prospects for its implementation in routine medical practice. Aim. Analysis of literature data on the biomarker sST2 as a predictor of adverse clinical outcomes in patients with heart failure. Search Strategy. A literature search was conducted using the scientific databases PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar, as well as electronic scientific libraries eLibrary and CyberLeninka. The search covered a five-year period (2019–2024) and focused on cardiorenal biomarkers as predictors of adverse outcomes in cardiovascular diseases. Results. This literature review analyzes studies on the prognostic significance of the sST2 biomarker in patients with heart failure. The findings indicate that sST2 reflects key pathophysiological processes, including myocardial fibrosis and systemic inflammation. Evidence from the literature suggests that the integration of sST2 into clinical assessment improves early identification of patients at risk, refines prognostic accuracy, and facilitates ongoing patient monitoring. The integration of this biomarker into clinical practice offers opportunities for more precise risk stratification and a personalized approach to treatment. Conclusions. A review of contemporary literature on clinical and laboratory predictors of heart failure demonstrates that the biomarker sST2 has high diagnostic and prognostic significance. It reflects myocardial fibrosis and systemic inflammation—processes closely associated with the progression of heart failure. Further research is needed to determine optimal threshold values, validate assessment methodologies, and integrate sST2 into standardized clinical algorithms.